1. Introduction
Indoxacarb is an oxadiazine insecticide, first commercialized by DuPont in 1992. It is effective against Lepidopteran larvae.
Further research has been conducted showing that Indoxacarb has 2 isomers named S and R; however only the S isomer in the structure of Indoxacarb has an effect on the target organism.
In 2021, the European Union did not choose to renew Indoxacarb for use as a plant protection pesticide. However, the UK still allows the use of this active ingredient until 2025.
2. Physical and chemical properties
• CAS No: 173584-44-6
• IUPAC name: (S)-methyl 7-chloro-2,5-dihydro-2- [[(methoxycarbonyl) [4(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]indeno[1,2-e][1,3,4]oxadiazine-4a(3H)-carboxylate
• Appearance: white powder solid
• Molecular formular: C22H17C1F3N3O7
• Molecular weight: 527,8 g/mol
• Density: 1,44 g/cm3
• Melting point: 88,1 °C
• Soluble in organic solvents such as: n-octanol, methanol, acetonitrile, acetone...
3. Mechanism of action
Indoxacarb has a contact mechanism of action and the route of entry is through the stomach. It works through inhibition of sodium ion channels, causing paralysis of the insect's nervous system, causing the insect to stop feeding and die within 1 to 3 days after spraying.
4. Advantages and disadvantages
a. Advantages
• High efficiency: Can kill a variety of harmful pests such as caterpillars, fruit borers, leaf rollers, etc.
• Unique mechanism of action and the ability to quickly affect insects after contact (about 3-4 hours).
• Safe for humans and animals when used properly. It is generally less toxic to beneficial insects.
b. Disadvantages
• Some insect species have become resistant to Indoxacarb, so its use must be done carefully to avoid this situation.
• Although Indoxacarb is quite safe, it still affects the environment, especially non-target insects and sub-species. The active ingredient is quite toxic to small mammals and bees.
• Indoxacarb is expensive, which can be a barrier for farmers or consumers.
5. Application
Indoxacarb is mainly used to control larval pests such as cotton bollworm, armyworm, diamondback moth on cotton, corn, cruciferous vegetables and other vegetables; stem borers, rice leaf rollers, green worms on rice and fruit trees such as apple, pear...
Indoxacarb is also used to control beetles such as stink bugs, mint, thrips, red spider mites on industrial crops such as pepper, peanut, soybean and sweet potato...
Readers can see more about the active ingredient on Wikipedia or Pubchem
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